Just passing on what I get from the infectious diseases email list. It should be noted that the exact pathogen that is killing the birds in Turkey and Romania has not been identified -- it may by H5N1, or it may be another, less pathogenic strain. If, indeed, this is H5N1, these are the first incidences of H5N1 infected birds appearing in Europe.
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 21:51:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EUROPE: ROMANIA, DUCKS, SUSPECTED
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Reuters alertnet, 7 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L07686732.htm>http://www.alertnet.org
/thenews/newsdesk/L07686732.htm>
Romania reported its 1st case of avian flu in domestic birds in the Danube
delta on Friday [7 Oct 2005], but did not say whether the virus was fatal to
humans.
"We discovered today 3 cases of domestic birds which tested positive for the
avian flu in the village of Ceamurlia de Jos in the Danube delta," Agriculture
Minister Gheorghe Flutur told reporters. "They were 3 ducks in the yard of a
peasant family."
Flutur would not comment whether the flu was the deadly H5N1 strain but
said: "We will send the samples to Great Britain for a thorough analysis."
The minister said he imposed quarantine for 3 kilometres (2 miles) around the
site and all domestic birds would be culled to prevent the disease from
spreading in the environmentally sensitive delta, Europe's largest wetlands.
Flutur also said hunting was banned across the delta. Romania's Danube delta
and lakes in northern Bulgaria are popular with flocks of red-breasted geese
from Siberia as well as white-fronted geese from Scandinavia, Poland, and
Germany.
The head of the country's veterinary watchdog agency Ion Agafitei said final
results of the tests were expected in a couple of days, adding: "We may find a
less risky strain or a more dangerous one."
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[From the above newswire it seems that the Romanian authorities are
considering the detection of "positive cases" of avian influenza in 3 ducks as
an outbreak, applying exceptionally severe control measures. It is not clear
if this is an outcome of alarming clinical/laboratory findings or a reflection
of precaution. More details, including clinical findings and the nature of the
test applied, will be helpful. - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675]
..................arn/pg/jw
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 14:53:00 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EUROPE (11): TURKEY, TURKEYS, SUSPECTED
*********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Reuters alertnet, 8 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L08159068.htm>
2000 turkeys dead from avian flu in Turkey-TV
- ---------------------------------------------
About 2000 turkeys have died from avian flu in western Turkey, CNN
Turk reported on Saturday [8 Oct 2005], in the 1st known case among
domestic birds in this country since the recent outbreak of the
disease in Asia.
"Yesterday, unfortunately, we experienced a case of bird flu. But
everything is under control, every precautionary measure has been
taken to prevent it spreading," the television channel quoted Farm
Minister Mehdi Eker as saying.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[More, and official, details will be appreciated, particularly results of
laboratory tests, to confirm -- or, hopefully, exclude the involvement of
H5N1. A low-pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza A virus is known to be present
during recent years in various Middle-Eastern countries, moderately affecting
chickens and turkeys. - Mod. AS].
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051007.2928
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511]
- ----------------------arn/jw
Avian flu update
Moderator: S2k Moderators
Keeping updates in this thread to reduce threadcount. If it ever appears that the flu has jumped the human barrier or if the flu appears in any other continents (right now Asia and Europe are impacted), I'll start a new thread. The gist of this update is that avian flu has now been confirmed (in birds) in Europe; Turkey, specifically. It is also highly suspected in Romania.
From: ProMED Digest <promed-digest-Owner@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Date: Oct 9, 2005 4:51 PM
Subject: PRO> ProMED Digest V2005 #446
To: promed-digest@promedmail.org
ProMED Digest Sunday, October 9 2005 Volume 2005 : Number 446
In this issue:
PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
PRO/AH> Avian influenza, human - East Asia (142): CDC update
PRO/PL> Cabbage leaf spot - Ukraine (Odessa)
PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update 2005 (32)
See the end of the digest for information on how to retrieve back issues.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 17:24:48 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EUROPE (12): ROMANIA, DUCKS, SUSPECTED
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: The Guardian, 8 Oct 2005 [edited]
< http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story ... 04,00.html>
Fears that the deadly Asian bird flu may have spread to Europe were heightened
yesterday when the Romanian government confirmed that 3 ducks have died of a
strain of the disease in the east of the country. Scientists in Britain are to
conduct tests on samples to find out whether the domestic ducks were infected
by the dangerous H5N1 strain, which has so far been confined to Asia.
The Romanian government warned that it feared that the ducks were infected
with the strain, and strong security measures were put in place in the village
of Ceamurlia, in eastern Romania, where the birds died [in late September
2005]. Restrictions were placed on the movement of people and animals into and
out of the village near the Black Sea, and there were plans to vaccinate
people. Nearly all the domestic fowl in the village have been slaughtered.
Gabriel Pedoi, a senior Romanian health official, told the Associated
Press: "We are in the phase of suspicion. We are trying to isolate the virus
and we are taking all measures to isolate the disease."
If it is confirmed that the ducks died of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, Europe
will be placed on high alert. The strain has killed 60 people in Asia and
there are fears that the virus could soon develop into a form that passes more
easily to humans. In the worst-case scenario, that could trigger a human flu
pandemic.
European Union officials were last night counselling caution after a scare in
August 2005, when the virus spread to the Asian part of Russia. Sources said
Romania had not yet notified the European commission and they pointed out that
a seagull died of a mild version of bird flu in Finland recently.
But the World Health Organisation said it was taking the development
seriously, though it would only become fully involved in the outbreak if it
were transmitted to humans.
"If it were to spread to other geographical areas then we would be concerned
because H5N1 is quite strong and it can persist," said spokeswoman Maria Cheng.
The [UK] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said the
current assessment of the risk of the strain spreading from Russia to Britain
was low, but that any new, confirmed cases in countries that had not
experienced them before would trigger a further risk assessment. Asked if the
Romania cases could have resulted from migrating birds landing -- the most
obvious way the disease would spread -- a spokesman said: "It is too early to
say, if it is indeed confirmed, how the disease has been transmitted."
The dead birds were first noted in Ceamurlia [in late September 2005],
Romanian officials told AP. Samples were sent to a laboratory in Bucharest,
where scientists found antibodies to bird flu. Unable to find out the exact
strain of the virus, the scientists sent samples to Britain for testing at the
Veterinary Laboratories Agency, based in Weybridge, Surrey. The results are
expected in the next few days.
The findings in Romania follow warnings from the British Veterinary
Association (BVA) that some strain of avian flu is bound to arrive in Britain.
The best-case scenario has always been that infected birds would swiftly die
from the virus before they could get far. Each step towards the UK will raise
concern, however, that this scenario is too optimistic.
Different species of birds are affected differently by the virus, and some
will survive longer than others. The BVA pointed out that highly pathogenic
strains of avian flu have been spread by wild birds.
If avian flu gets into the domestic poultry flock, the risk of it passing to
humans clearly rises sharply. So far, the strain of avian flu that has spread
to humans in Asia has not shown an ability to transfer easily from one human
being to another. When that happens, experts believe we will have to deal with
a pandemic.
[Byline: Nicholas Watt in Brussels, Sarah Boseley & Riazat Butt]
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Ceamurlia is situated in the south of Tulcea County, about 50 km to the south
of the county's capital, Tulcea (population: 92 000). See maps at:
<http://www.sgs.ro/images/romania-map.gif> Europe
< http://www.bsrec.bg/romania/map.jpg> whole country
<http://www.aboutromania.com/Tulcea.gif> Tulcea.
The Danube Delta is characterised by the plentiful population in an expanse of
wetlands and a flyway for migrating birds. Such birds were suspected as
vectors of West Nile virus into the region during the 1990's. See: Costin
Cernescu et al. Continued Transmission of West Nile Virus to Humans in
Southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. JID, Feb 2000,181,pp 710-712. - Mod.AS]
[Elsevier reference:
Avian influenza: perfect storm now gathering? [Editorial] The Lancet 2005;
365:820. < http://thelancet.url123.com/26swp>]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051007.2928
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675 ]
....................arn/pg/jw
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 20:37:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Subject: PRO/AH> Avian influenza, human - East Asia (142): CDC update
AVIAN INFLUENZA, HUMAN - EAST ASIA (142): CDC UPDATE
****************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org >
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
Date: Sat 8 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail < promed@promedmail.org>
Source: CDC Outbreak Noticed, 5 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/other/avian_influenza_se_asia_2005.htm >
Human Infection with Avian I influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Asia;
Released 23 Sep, updated 5 Oct 2005
- -----------------------------------
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health in
Indonesia has reported the 4th laboratory-confirmed human case of avian
influenza A (H5N1) in Indonesia. The patient, a 27-year-old woman from
Jakarta, developed symptoms on 17 Sep 2005, was hospitalized on 19 Sep, and
died on 26 Sep. Preliminary investigations have indicated that the patient had
direct contact with diseased and dying chickens in her household shortly
before the onset of illness.
Indonesia has reported outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry
since June 2004. In July 2005, the 1st laboratory-confirmed human case of H5N1
infection in Indonesia was reported in a 38-year-old man who later died. His 2
young daughters also died of a severe pneumonia illness compatible with H5N1
infection; the 8-year-old daughter tested positive for antibodies to H5N1
virus and is therefore considered a probable H5N1 case by WHO.
The 2nd laboratory-confirmed case, reported on 19 Sep 2005, occurred in a 37-
year-old woman from Jakarta who became ill on 31 Aug and died on 10 Sep 2005.
The source of her infection is still under investigation; however, she was
reported to live in an area where chickens and ducks are present. Laboratory
specimens from poultry in the area are being tested.
The 3rd laboratory-confirmed case, reported by the Ministry of Health on 22
Sep 2005, occurred in an 8-year-old boy who was hospitalized for observation
and treatment.
In response to the most recent deaths, the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, in
collaboration with WHO, has launched an epidemiologic investigation and
heightened surveillance for cases. Close contacts of the most recent cases are
being traced and monitored. In addition, some persons with respiratory
symptoms or possible exposure to H5N1 are being hospitalized for observation
and considered as suspect cases by the Ministry of Health until diagnostic
tests either confirm or rule out infection.
In addition, on 19 Sep 2005, the Ministry of Health of Viet Nam reported a new
laboratory-confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to
WHO. This infection occurred in a 35-year-old man from Ben Tre Province in
southern Viet Nam; he became ill on 25 Jul 2005 and died on 31 Jul. Since mid-
December 2004, 64 human cases of H5N1 have been reported in Viet Nam, of which
21 were fatal.
During 2005, outbreaks of H5N1 among poultry have been confirmed in Cambodia,
China, Indonesia, Thailand, Viet Nam, Russia, and Kazakhstan; poultry
outbreaks were also reported in Malaysia and Laos during 2004. Since Jan 2004,
116 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have been reported to date: 91 in
Viet Nam, 17 in Thailand, 4 in Cambodia, and 4 in Indonesia, resulting in 60
deaths. CDC remains in communication with WHO and continues to closely monitor
the H5N1 situation in countries reporting human cases and animal outbreaks.
Most cases of H5N1 infection in humans are thought to have occurred from
direct contact with infected poultry in the affected countries. Therefore,
when possible, care should be taken to avoid contact with live, well-
appearing, sick, or dead poultry and with any surfaces that may have been
contaminated by poultry or their feces or secretions.
Transmission of H5N1 viruses to 2 persons through consumption of uncooked duck
blood may also have occurred in Viet Nam in 2005. Therefore, uncooked poultry
or poultry products, including blood, should not be consumed.
The threat of novel influenza subtypes such as influenza A (H5N1) will be
greatly increased if the virus gains the ability to spread from one human to
another in a sustained fashion. Such transmission has not yet been observed;
however, a few cases of limited person-to-person spread of H5N1 viruses may
have occurred. For example, one instance of probable person-to-person
transmission associated with close contact between an ill child and her mother
is thought to have occurred in Thailand in September 2004. More recently,
several clusters of human H5N1 cases in Viet Nam are being investigated for
possible person-to-person transmission of H5N1 viruses. So far, spread of H5N1
virus from one ill person to another has been reported very rarely, and
transmission has not been observed to continue beyond one person.
H5N1 infections in humans can cause serious disease and death. An inactivated
vaccine to protect humans against influenza A (H5N1) is not yet available, but
one is undergoing human clinical trials in the United States. The H5N1 viruses
currently infecting birds and some humans in Asia are resistant to amantadine
and rimantadine, 2 antiviral medications commonly used to treat influenza. The
H5N1 viruses are susceptible to the antiviral medications oseltamavir and
zanamavir, but the effectiveness of these drugs when used for treatment of
H5N1 virus infection is unknown. For more information about antiviral drugs
for influenza, see
<http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/treatment/>.
CDC has not recommended that the general public avoid travel to any of the
countries affected by H5N1. Persons visiting areas with reports of outbreaks
of H5N1 among poultry or of human H5N1 cases can reduce their risk of
infection by observing the following measures:
Before any international travel to an area affected by H5N1 avian influenza,
visit CDC's Traveler's Health Web page on Southeast Asia to educate yourself
and others who may be traveling with you about any disease risks and CDC
health recommendations for international travel in areas you plan to visit.
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/seasia.htm>
For a list of affected areas and other information about avian influenza, see
this website:
< http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/index.htm>.
Be sure you are up to date with all your vaccinations, and see your doctor or
health-care provider, ideally 4-6 weeks before travel, to get any additional
vaccination medications or information you may need.
Assemble a travel health kit containing basic 1st aid and medical supplies. Be
sure to include a thermometer and alcohol-based hand gel for hand hygiene. See
the Travelers Health Kit page in Health Information for International Travel
for other suggested items. Identify in-country health-care resources in
advance of your trip. Check your health insurance plan or get additional
insurance that covers medical evacuation in case you become sick. Information
about medical evacuation services is provided on the U.S. Department of State
web page Medical Information for Americans Traveling Abroad, at
< http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/hea ... _1185.html>.
During travel to an affected area, avoid all direct contact with poultry,
including touching well-appearing, sick, or dead chickens and ducks. Avoid
places such as poultry farms and bird markets where live poultry are raised or
kept, and avoid handling surfaces contaminated with poultry feces or
secretions. As with other infectious illnesses, one of the most important
preventive practices is careful and frequent handwashing. Cleaning your hands
often with soap and water removes potentially infectious material from your
skin and helps prevent disease transmission. Waterless alcohol-based hand gels
may be used when soap is not available and hands are not visibly soiled.
Influenza viruses are destroyed by heat; therefore, as a precaution, all foods
from poultry, including eggs and poultry blood, should be thoroughly cooked.
If you become sick with symptoms such as a fever, difficulty breathing, or
cough, or with any illness that requires prompt medical attention, a U.S.
consular officer can assist [American citizens] in locating medical services
and informing your family or friends. Inform your health care provider of any
possible exposures to avian influenza. It is advisable that you defer further
travel until you are free of symptoms, unless your travel is health-related.
After your return monitor your health for 10 days. If you become ill with
fever and develop a cough or difficulty breathing, or if you develop any
illness during this 10-day period, consult a health-care provider. Before you
visit a health-care setting, tell the provider the following: 1) your
symptoms, 2) where you traveled, and 3) if you have had direct contact with
poultry. This way, he or she can be aware that you have traveled to an area
reporting avian influenza.
For more information about H5N1 infections in humans, visit the World Health
Organization avian influenza website at
< http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/>
and the CDC Avian Influenza site,
<http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/index.htm>.
For more information about CDC's health recommendations for travel to Asia, see
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/seasia.htm> and
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/eastasia.htm>.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This advice is specifically directed to US citizens, but it is generally
applicable for travellers to East Asia from all countries. Other nationals
should contact their local health authorities for additional advice. - Mod.CP]
[see also:
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (118): CDC trav... 20050813.2372
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (105): CDC update 20050724.2144
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (93): CDC advice 20050622.1744
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (79): WHO update 20050519.1376
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (59): CDC guide... 20050328.0892
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (34): CDC Updates 20050220.0558
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (09): CDC update 20050116.0144]
.................cp/pg/jw
From: ProMED Digest <promed-digest-Owner@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Date: Oct 9, 2005 6:58 PM
Subject: PRO> ProMED Digest V2005 #447
To: promed-digest@promedmail.org
ProMED Digest Sunday, October 9 2005 Volume 2005 : Number 447
In this issue:
PRO/AH/EDR> West Nile virus update 2005 - Western Hemisphere (15)
PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
See the end of the digest for information on how to retrieve back issues.
<snip>
- Hide quoted text -
Date: Sun, 9 Oct 2005 19:58:27 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - ASIA (39): TURKEY, TURKEYS, H5 CONFIRMED
**********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org >
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
[1]
Date: Sun 9 Oct 2005
From: Nati Elkin <nati@poultrymed.com>
Source: AP via CNN, 9 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/10/08/turkey.bird.flu.ap/index.html?
section=cnn_latest>
Turkey confirms bird flu
- ------------------------
Anatolia, quoting officials, said that on Friday [7 Oct 2005], it was
confirmed that the birds in Turkey died of the H5 type of bird flu.
Turkey's agriculture minister confirmed the country's 1st cases of
bird flu, and officials ordered all winged animals and street dogs in
the village where it was detected destroyed as a precaution against
the disease spreading, the Anatolia news agency said.
Military police have also set up roadblocks at the entrance to the
village near Balikesir in western Turkey and are checking all
vehicles entering and exiting, Anatolia said on Saturday [8 Oct 2005].
[Belikesir is situated in the southwestern, Asian part of Turkey's
northwestern Marmara region (which has also a European part). See map
at
<http://www.plantours.com/regions/marmara.gif>.
For a map of Turkey, showing the location of the Beliksir region, see:
< http://www.hippodromehotel.com/guide/im ... es_map.gif>].
The birds belonged to a turkey farmer, CNN-Turk reported, saying that
2000 birds died. Anatolia did not cite a number but said that any
animals that did not die of the disease were destroyed.
The outbreak was confirmed by Agriculture Minister Mehdi Eker, who
said that Turkish officials had been communicating with officials in
the European Union and other international organizations about the
outbreak, Anatolia reported. Eker did not specify how many birds died
of the disease.
The outbreak was initially brought to officials' attention on
Wednesday [5 Oct 2005], Anatolia said. On Thursday officials went to
the village and destroyed all the birds on the turkey farm that were
still alive and buried them, then disinfected the area, Anatolia said.
That would suggest the scientists have narrowed it down to an H5 type
virus -- the family of the bird flu virus that experts are watching
- -- but have not narrowed it further to determine whether it is the
exact strain H5N1 that health officials are particularly worried
about.
"Unfortunately we met with bird flu," Anatolia quoted Eker as saying.
"But everything is under control, every kind of precaution has been
taken so that it doesn't spread."
Officials from the Health Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry were
sent to investigate, CNN-Turk reported.
They ordered all winged animals in the village destroyed Saturday [8
Oct 2005], saying that farmers would be compensated for their losses,
Anatolia said.
The farmer whose birds carried the disease said he had not been
checked by doctors yet and was scared to go near his wife and
children, Anatolia reported.
Eker said the flu was likely carried by birds migrating from the Ural
Mountains, which divide Europe and Asia, across Turkey and into
Africa.
Cases of bird flu were also confirmed Saturday [8 Oct 2005] in
Romania, which borders Turkey [see ProMED reference below].
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org >
******
[2]
Turkey culls poultry to stem spread of bird flu-TV
Date: 9 Oct 2005 10:19:57 GMT
From:
Source: Reuters
< http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L09397296.htm>
ANKARA, Oct 9 (Reuters) -
Turkey culled about 1500 chickens and turkeys overnight
to prevent the spread of avian flu after reporting its
first outbreak of the disease on a farm near the Aegean
Sea, NTV private television said on Sunday.
The authorities have also imposed a 3 km (2 miles)
quarantine zone around the affected farm, where nearly
2000 turkeys died of the globally feared disease on
Tuesday and Wednesday, the station said.
Officials were not immediately available to confirm the
reports and it was not clear why the first reports of the
outbreak only surfaced on Saturday evening.
"Last night, some 1500 birds were slaughtered," NTV said.
The authorities have drawn up a national action plan, it
said, but gave no details.
The Anatolian state news agency said veterinary teams had killed 600 turkeys
overnight in one farm alone in the affected area of northwestern Turkey as a
precautionary measure. The birds were buried in lime-drenched pits, it said.
The culling will resume on Sunday evening [9 Oct 2005], the agency said.
[By Gareth Jones]
- --
ProMED-mail
< promed@promedmail.org>
[The possible spread of H5N1 (final identification yet to be
confirmed) to the coastlines of the Black Sea area (Tulcea, Romania,
Europe in the west, and southern Marmara, Asia in the southwest)
might be a attributed to transmission by migrating birds. These
locations are situated on a main migratory birds flyway; the annual
southwards migration has began in September 2005. As indicated in the
special report "Wild birds and avian influenza" of FAO's Animal
Production and Health Department:" "... it is plausible that HPAI
H5N1 virus could spread from Siberia to the Caspian and Black Sea
areas in the foreseeable future. Some birds are currently nesting in
the newly HPAI affected areas of Novosibirsk and Altai in Russia and
will migrate to the above-mentioned areas for upcoming winter or land
to rest on their way to Africa and Europe. The exact risk will likely
depend on the identification of specific migratory species that carry
H5 viruses without suffering the disease, and knowledge of their
resting areas and wintering grounds combined with the existing
production poultry systems and husbandry.
Bird migration routes run across southwest Asia and some Mediterranean
countries, where bird flu outbreaks could possibly occur". The report includes
a schematic major-flyways map. See:
<http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-
cards/avian_HPAIrisk.html>.
Final identification of the Romanian and Turkish isolates, and official
confirmation, including epidemiological data, are anticipated. - Mod.AS]
[From the map referenced above, it seems clear to me that, at least up until
now, the virus has not been spread by migrating birds, since the direction of
spread has been east-west, cutting across several north-south flyways and
following the frontier between Russia and Kazakhstan westwards from the
Mongolian border. Could there be a flourishing trade in poultry along the
border? - Mod.JW]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals) 20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp. 20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051008.2939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675]
....................arn/msp/jw
------------------------------
End of ProMED Digest V2005 #447
From: ProMED Digest <promed-digest-Owner@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Date: Oct 9, 2005 4:51 PM
Subject: PRO> ProMED Digest V2005 #446
To: promed-digest@promedmail.org
ProMED Digest Sunday, October 9 2005 Volume 2005 : Number 446
In this issue:
PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
PRO/AH> Avian influenza, human - East Asia (142): CDC update
PRO/PL> Cabbage leaf spot - Ukraine (Odessa)
PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update 2005 (32)
See the end of the digest for information on how to retrieve back issues.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 17:24:48 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EUROPE (12): ROMANIA, DUCKS, SUSPECTED
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: The Guardian, 8 Oct 2005 [edited]
< http://www.guardian.co.uk/birdflu/story ... 04,00.html>
Fears that the deadly Asian bird flu may have spread to Europe were heightened
yesterday when the Romanian government confirmed that 3 ducks have died of a
strain of the disease in the east of the country. Scientists in Britain are to
conduct tests on samples to find out whether the domestic ducks were infected
by the dangerous H5N1 strain, which has so far been confined to Asia.
The Romanian government warned that it feared that the ducks were infected
with the strain, and strong security measures were put in place in the village
of Ceamurlia, in eastern Romania, where the birds died [in late September
2005]. Restrictions were placed on the movement of people and animals into and
out of the village near the Black Sea, and there were plans to vaccinate
people. Nearly all the domestic fowl in the village have been slaughtered.
Gabriel Pedoi, a senior Romanian health official, told the Associated
Press: "We are in the phase of suspicion. We are trying to isolate the virus
and we are taking all measures to isolate the disease."
If it is confirmed that the ducks died of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, Europe
will be placed on high alert. The strain has killed 60 people in Asia and
there are fears that the virus could soon develop into a form that passes more
easily to humans. In the worst-case scenario, that could trigger a human flu
pandemic.
European Union officials were last night counselling caution after a scare in
August 2005, when the virus spread to the Asian part of Russia. Sources said
Romania had not yet notified the European commission and they pointed out that
a seagull died of a mild version of bird flu in Finland recently.
But the World Health Organisation said it was taking the development
seriously, though it would only become fully involved in the outbreak if it
were transmitted to humans.
"If it were to spread to other geographical areas then we would be concerned
because H5N1 is quite strong and it can persist," said spokeswoman Maria Cheng.
The [UK] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said the
current assessment of the risk of the strain spreading from Russia to Britain
was low, but that any new, confirmed cases in countries that had not
experienced them before would trigger a further risk assessment. Asked if the
Romania cases could have resulted from migrating birds landing -- the most
obvious way the disease would spread -- a spokesman said: "It is too early to
say, if it is indeed confirmed, how the disease has been transmitted."
The dead birds were first noted in Ceamurlia [in late September 2005],
Romanian officials told AP. Samples were sent to a laboratory in Bucharest,
where scientists found antibodies to bird flu. Unable to find out the exact
strain of the virus, the scientists sent samples to Britain for testing at the
Veterinary Laboratories Agency, based in Weybridge, Surrey. The results are
expected in the next few days.
The findings in Romania follow warnings from the British Veterinary
Association (BVA) that some strain of avian flu is bound to arrive in Britain.
The best-case scenario has always been that infected birds would swiftly die
from the virus before they could get far. Each step towards the UK will raise
concern, however, that this scenario is too optimistic.
Different species of birds are affected differently by the virus, and some
will survive longer than others. The BVA pointed out that highly pathogenic
strains of avian flu have been spread by wild birds.
If avian flu gets into the domestic poultry flock, the risk of it passing to
humans clearly rises sharply. So far, the strain of avian flu that has spread
to humans in Asia has not shown an ability to transfer easily from one human
being to another. When that happens, experts believe we will have to deal with
a pandemic.
[Byline: Nicholas Watt in Brussels, Sarah Boseley & Riazat Butt]
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Ceamurlia is situated in the south of Tulcea County, about 50 km to the south
of the county's capital, Tulcea (population: 92 000). See maps at:
<http://www.sgs.ro/images/romania-map.gif> Europe
< http://www.bsrec.bg/romania/map.jpg> whole country
<http://www.aboutromania.com/Tulcea.gif> Tulcea.
The Danube Delta is characterised by the plentiful population in an expanse of
wetlands and a flyway for migrating birds. Such birds were suspected as
vectors of West Nile virus into the region during the 1990's. See: Costin
Cernescu et al. Continued Transmission of West Nile Virus to Humans in
Southeastern Romania, 1997-1998. JID, Feb 2000,181,pp 710-712. - Mod.AS]
[Elsevier reference:
Avian influenza: perfect storm now gathering? [Editorial] The Lancet 2005;
365:820. < http://thelancet.url123.com/26swp>]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051007.2928
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675 ]
....................arn/pg/jw
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 8 Oct 2005 20:37:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Subject: PRO/AH> Avian influenza, human - East Asia (142): CDC update
AVIAN INFLUENZA, HUMAN - EAST ASIA (142): CDC UPDATE
****************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org >
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
Date: Sat 8 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail < promed@promedmail.org>
Source: CDC Outbreak Noticed, 5 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/other/avian_influenza_se_asia_2005.htm >
Human Infection with Avian I influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Asia;
Released 23 Sep, updated 5 Oct 2005
- -----------------------------------
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health in
Indonesia has reported the 4th laboratory-confirmed human case of avian
influenza A (H5N1) in Indonesia. The patient, a 27-year-old woman from
Jakarta, developed symptoms on 17 Sep 2005, was hospitalized on 19 Sep, and
died on 26 Sep. Preliminary investigations have indicated that the patient had
direct contact with diseased and dying chickens in her household shortly
before the onset of illness.
Indonesia has reported outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry
since June 2004. In July 2005, the 1st laboratory-confirmed human case of H5N1
infection in Indonesia was reported in a 38-year-old man who later died. His 2
young daughters also died of a severe pneumonia illness compatible with H5N1
infection; the 8-year-old daughter tested positive for antibodies to H5N1
virus and is therefore considered a probable H5N1 case by WHO.
The 2nd laboratory-confirmed case, reported on 19 Sep 2005, occurred in a 37-
year-old woman from Jakarta who became ill on 31 Aug and died on 10 Sep 2005.
The source of her infection is still under investigation; however, she was
reported to live in an area where chickens and ducks are present. Laboratory
specimens from poultry in the area are being tested.
The 3rd laboratory-confirmed case, reported by the Ministry of Health on 22
Sep 2005, occurred in an 8-year-old boy who was hospitalized for observation
and treatment.
In response to the most recent deaths, the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, in
collaboration with WHO, has launched an epidemiologic investigation and
heightened surveillance for cases. Close contacts of the most recent cases are
being traced and monitored. In addition, some persons with respiratory
symptoms or possible exposure to H5N1 are being hospitalized for observation
and considered as suspect cases by the Ministry of Health until diagnostic
tests either confirm or rule out infection.
In addition, on 19 Sep 2005, the Ministry of Health of Viet Nam reported a new
laboratory-confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to
WHO. This infection occurred in a 35-year-old man from Ben Tre Province in
southern Viet Nam; he became ill on 25 Jul 2005 and died on 31 Jul. Since mid-
December 2004, 64 human cases of H5N1 have been reported in Viet Nam, of which
21 were fatal.
During 2005, outbreaks of H5N1 among poultry have been confirmed in Cambodia,
China, Indonesia, Thailand, Viet Nam, Russia, and Kazakhstan; poultry
outbreaks were also reported in Malaysia and Laos during 2004. Since Jan 2004,
116 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have been reported to date: 91 in
Viet Nam, 17 in Thailand, 4 in Cambodia, and 4 in Indonesia, resulting in 60
deaths. CDC remains in communication with WHO and continues to closely monitor
the H5N1 situation in countries reporting human cases and animal outbreaks.
Most cases of H5N1 infection in humans are thought to have occurred from
direct contact with infected poultry in the affected countries. Therefore,
when possible, care should be taken to avoid contact with live, well-
appearing, sick, or dead poultry and with any surfaces that may have been
contaminated by poultry or their feces or secretions.
Transmission of H5N1 viruses to 2 persons through consumption of uncooked duck
blood may also have occurred in Viet Nam in 2005. Therefore, uncooked poultry
or poultry products, including blood, should not be consumed.
The threat of novel influenza subtypes such as influenza A (H5N1) will be
greatly increased if the virus gains the ability to spread from one human to
another in a sustained fashion. Such transmission has not yet been observed;
however, a few cases of limited person-to-person spread of H5N1 viruses may
have occurred. For example, one instance of probable person-to-person
transmission associated with close contact between an ill child and her mother
is thought to have occurred in Thailand in September 2004. More recently,
several clusters of human H5N1 cases in Viet Nam are being investigated for
possible person-to-person transmission of H5N1 viruses. So far, spread of H5N1
virus from one ill person to another has been reported very rarely, and
transmission has not been observed to continue beyond one person.
H5N1 infections in humans can cause serious disease and death. An inactivated
vaccine to protect humans against influenza A (H5N1) is not yet available, but
one is undergoing human clinical trials in the United States. The H5N1 viruses
currently infecting birds and some humans in Asia are resistant to amantadine
and rimantadine, 2 antiviral medications commonly used to treat influenza. The
H5N1 viruses are susceptible to the antiviral medications oseltamavir and
zanamavir, but the effectiveness of these drugs when used for treatment of
H5N1 virus infection is unknown. For more information about antiviral drugs
for influenza, see
<http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/treatment/>.
CDC has not recommended that the general public avoid travel to any of the
countries affected by H5N1. Persons visiting areas with reports of outbreaks
of H5N1 among poultry or of human H5N1 cases can reduce their risk of
infection by observing the following measures:
Before any international travel to an area affected by H5N1 avian influenza,
visit CDC's Traveler's Health Web page on Southeast Asia to educate yourself
and others who may be traveling with you about any disease risks and CDC
health recommendations for international travel in areas you plan to visit.
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/seasia.htm>
For a list of affected areas and other information about avian influenza, see
this website:
< http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/index.htm>.
Be sure you are up to date with all your vaccinations, and see your doctor or
health-care provider, ideally 4-6 weeks before travel, to get any additional
vaccination medications or information you may need.
Assemble a travel health kit containing basic 1st aid and medical supplies. Be
sure to include a thermometer and alcohol-based hand gel for hand hygiene. See
the Travelers Health Kit page in Health Information for International Travel
for other suggested items. Identify in-country health-care resources in
advance of your trip. Check your health insurance plan or get additional
insurance that covers medical evacuation in case you become sick. Information
about medical evacuation services is provided on the U.S. Department of State
web page Medical Information for Americans Traveling Abroad, at
< http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/hea ... _1185.html>.
During travel to an affected area, avoid all direct contact with poultry,
including touching well-appearing, sick, or dead chickens and ducks. Avoid
places such as poultry farms and bird markets where live poultry are raised or
kept, and avoid handling surfaces contaminated with poultry feces or
secretions. As with other infectious illnesses, one of the most important
preventive practices is careful and frequent handwashing. Cleaning your hands
often with soap and water removes potentially infectious material from your
skin and helps prevent disease transmission. Waterless alcohol-based hand gels
may be used when soap is not available and hands are not visibly soiled.
Influenza viruses are destroyed by heat; therefore, as a precaution, all foods
from poultry, including eggs and poultry blood, should be thoroughly cooked.
If you become sick with symptoms such as a fever, difficulty breathing, or
cough, or with any illness that requires prompt medical attention, a U.S.
consular officer can assist [American citizens] in locating medical services
and informing your family or friends. Inform your health care provider of any
possible exposures to avian influenza. It is advisable that you defer further
travel until you are free of symptoms, unless your travel is health-related.
After your return monitor your health for 10 days. If you become ill with
fever and develop a cough or difficulty breathing, or if you develop any
illness during this 10-day period, consult a health-care provider. Before you
visit a health-care setting, tell the provider the following: 1) your
symptoms, 2) where you traveled, and 3) if you have had direct contact with
poultry. This way, he or she can be aware that you have traveled to an area
reporting avian influenza.
For more information about H5N1 infections in humans, visit the World Health
Organization avian influenza website at
< http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/en/>
and the CDC Avian Influenza site,
<http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/index.htm>.
For more information about CDC's health recommendations for travel to Asia, see
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/seasia.htm> and
<http://www.cdc.gov/travel/eastasia.htm>.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[This advice is specifically directed to US citizens, but it is generally
applicable for travellers to East Asia from all countries. Other nationals
should contact their local health authorities for additional advice. - Mod.CP]
[see also:
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (118): CDC trav... 20050813.2372
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (105): CDC update 20050724.2144
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (93): CDC advice 20050622.1744
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (79): WHO update 20050519.1376
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (59): CDC guide... 20050328.0892
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (34): CDC Updates 20050220.0558
Avian influenza, human - East Asia (09): CDC update 20050116.0144]
.................cp/pg/jw
From: ProMED Digest <promed-digest-Owner@promed.isid.harvard.edu >
Date: Oct 9, 2005 6:58 PM
Subject: PRO> ProMED Digest V2005 #447
To: promed-digest@promedmail.org
ProMED Digest Sunday, October 9 2005 Volume 2005 : Number 447
In this issue:
PRO/AH/EDR> West Nile virus update 2005 - Western Hemisphere (15)
PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
See the end of the digest for information on how to retrieve back issues.
<snip>
- Hide quoted text -
Date: Sun, 9 Oct 2005 19:58:27 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
AVIAN INFLUENZA - ASIA (39): TURKEY, TURKEYS, H5 CONFIRMED
**********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org >
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of Tuberculosis
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5dpp>
[1]
Date: Sun 9 Oct 2005
From: Nati Elkin <nati@poultrymed.com>
Source: AP via CNN, 9 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/10/08/turkey.bird.flu.ap/index.html?
section=cnn_latest>
Turkey confirms bird flu
- ------------------------
Anatolia, quoting officials, said that on Friday [7 Oct 2005], it was
confirmed that the birds in Turkey died of the H5 type of bird flu.
Turkey's agriculture minister confirmed the country's 1st cases of
bird flu, and officials ordered all winged animals and street dogs in
the village where it was detected destroyed as a precaution against
the disease spreading, the Anatolia news agency said.
Military police have also set up roadblocks at the entrance to the
village near Balikesir in western Turkey and are checking all
vehicles entering and exiting, Anatolia said on Saturday [8 Oct 2005].
[Belikesir is situated in the southwestern, Asian part of Turkey's
northwestern Marmara region (which has also a European part). See map
at
<http://www.plantours.com/regions/marmara.gif>.
For a map of Turkey, showing the location of the Beliksir region, see:
< http://www.hippodromehotel.com/guide/im ... es_map.gif>].
The birds belonged to a turkey farmer, CNN-Turk reported, saying that
2000 birds died. Anatolia did not cite a number but said that any
animals that did not die of the disease were destroyed.
The outbreak was confirmed by Agriculture Minister Mehdi Eker, who
said that Turkish officials had been communicating with officials in
the European Union and other international organizations about the
outbreak, Anatolia reported. Eker did not specify how many birds died
of the disease.
The outbreak was initially brought to officials' attention on
Wednesday [5 Oct 2005], Anatolia said. On Thursday officials went to
the village and destroyed all the birds on the turkey farm that were
still alive and buried them, then disinfected the area, Anatolia said.
That would suggest the scientists have narrowed it down to an H5 type
virus -- the family of the bird flu virus that experts are watching
- -- but have not narrowed it further to determine whether it is the
exact strain H5N1 that health officials are particularly worried
about.
"Unfortunately we met with bird flu," Anatolia quoted Eker as saying.
"But everything is under control, every kind of precaution has been
taken so that it doesn't spread."
Officials from the Health Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry were
sent to investigate, CNN-Turk reported.
They ordered all winged animals in the village destroyed Saturday [8
Oct 2005], saying that farmers would be compensated for their losses,
Anatolia said.
The farmer whose birds carried the disease said he had not been
checked by doctors yet and was scared to go near his wife and
children, Anatolia reported.
Eker said the flu was likely carried by birds migrating from the Ural
Mountains, which divide Europe and Asia, across Turkey and into
Africa.
Cases of bird flu were also confirmed Saturday [8 Oct 2005] in
Romania, which borders Turkey [see ProMED reference below].
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org >
******
[2]
Turkey culls poultry to stem spread of bird flu-TV
Date: 9 Oct 2005 10:19:57 GMT
From:
Source: Reuters
< http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L09397296.htm>
ANKARA, Oct 9 (Reuters) -
Turkey culled about 1500 chickens and turkeys overnight
to prevent the spread of avian flu after reporting its
first outbreak of the disease on a farm near the Aegean
Sea, NTV private television said on Sunday.
The authorities have also imposed a 3 km (2 miles)
quarantine zone around the affected farm, where nearly
2000 turkeys died of the globally feared disease on
Tuesday and Wednesday, the station said.
Officials were not immediately available to confirm the
reports and it was not clear why the first reports of the
outbreak only surfaced on Saturday evening.
"Last night, some 1500 birds were slaughtered," NTV said.
The authorities have drawn up a national action plan, it
said, but gave no details.
The Anatolian state news agency said veterinary teams had killed 600 turkeys
overnight in one farm alone in the affected area of northwestern Turkey as a
precautionary measure. The birds were buried in lime-drenched pits, it said.
The culling will resume on Sunday evening [9 Oct 2005], the agency said.
[By Gareth Jones]
- --
ProMED-mail
< promed@promedmail.org>
[The possible spread of H5N1 (final identification yet to be
confirmed) to the coastlines of the Black Sea area (Tulcea, Romania,
Europe in the west, and southern Marmara, Asia in the southwest)
might be a attributed to transmission by migrating birds. These
locations are situated on a main migratory birds flyway; the annual
southwards migration has began in September 2005. As indicated in the
special report "Wild birds and avian influenza" of FAO's Animal
Production and Health Department:" "... it is plausible that HPAI
H5N1 virus could spread from Siberia to the Caspian and Black Sea
areas in the foreseeable future. Some birds are currently nesting in
the newly HPAI affected areas of Novosibirsk and Altai in Russia and
will migrate to the above-mentioned areas for upcoming winter or land
to rest on their way to Africa and Europe. The exact risk will likely
depend on the identification of specific migratory species that carry
H5 viruses without suffering the disease, and knowledge of their
resting areas and wintering grounds combined with the existing
production poultry systems and husbandry.
Bird migration routes run across southwest Asia and some Mediterranean
countries, where bird flu outbreaks could possibly occur". The report includes
a schematic major-flyways map. See:
<http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-
cards/avian_HPAIrisk.html>.
Final identification of the Romanian and Turkish isolates, and official
confirmation, including epidemiological data, are anticipated. - Mod.AS]
[From the map referenced above, it seems clear to me that, at least up until
now, the virus has not been spread by migrating birds, since the direction of
spread has been east-west, cutting across several north-south flyways and
following the frontier between Russia and Kazakhstan westwards from the
Mongolian border. Could there be a flourishing trade in poultry along the
border? - Mod.JW]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals) 20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp. 20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp. 20051008.2939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures 20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures 20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures 20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675]
....................arn/msp/jw
------------------------------
End of ProMED Digest V2005 #447
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streetsoldier
- Retired Staff
- Posts: 9705
- Joined: Wed Feb 05, 2003 11:33 pm
- Location: Under the rainbow
What I got today. Essentially, Turkey's confirmed H5N1 avian flu; 1700 birds came down with it on a turkey farm and all 1700 died. The EU is banning all live poultry imports from the country. Romania's suspected cases are still being tested.
Date: 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE Disease Information Alert Messages [edited]
<http://www.oie.int/Messages/051010TUR.htm>
Avian influenza in Romania
- --------------------------
Information received on 7 Oct 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi,
director general, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food
Safety Authority, Bucharest:
Report date: 7 Oct 2005.
An outbreak of avian influenza was reported in a farm in
Ceamurlia-de-Jos, Tulcea County, in the eastern part of the
country.
Reason for immediate notification: reoccurrence of a listed
disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment
following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended
(depending on the virus pathogenicity that will be
identified).
Precise identification of agent: information not yet
available.
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 7 Oct 2005.
Date of start of the event: 4 Oct 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, postmortem and laboratory
(serology).
Number of susceptible animals in the outbreak: 100 birds (58
laying hens and 42 ducks).
Number of cases: 36.
Number of deaths: 36.
Number of animals destroyed: 64.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild
birds.
Control measures:
A. Undertaken:
- - stamping out;
- - quarantine;
- - movement control inside the country;
- - screening;
- - disinfection of infected premises/establishment;
- - dipping/spraying.
B. To be undertaken: control of wildlife reservoirs.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Note by the OIE Animal Health Department: the last reported
outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Romania was
in 1942.
OIE Animal Health Information Department
<information.dept@oie.int>
Further details will be published in the next issue of
weekly Disease Information, available online from Fri 14 Oct
2005 afternoon (GMT).
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[There are a couple of important issues to note with this
official confirmation. 1st, there is official OIE
notification from Turkey as well. Secondly, spread to Europe
has been relatively rapid, as the last official reports
placed the disease in the Urals. We will keep you updated.
Finally, this report contains no information confirming the
virus type as H5 or as H5N1, and one report below (Avian
influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp 20051010.2950)
suggests it may not be H5N1. - Mod.PC]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe (13): Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds
20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds
20050909.2675]
................pc/msp/sh
Date: 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE Disease Information Alert Messages
<http://www.oie.int/Messages/051010TUR.htm>
Avian influenza in Turkey
- -------------------------
Information received on 9 October 2005 (dated 8 October
2005) from Dr Nihat Pakdil, general director of Protection
and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Ankara:
An outbreak of avian influenza was reported in a farm in
Kýzýksa, Manyas, Balikesir, in the western part of the
country.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a
listed disease or infection in a country (depending on the
virus pathogenicity that will be identified).
Precise identification of agent: influenza virus type A,
subtype H5 (the pathogenicity index and neuraminidase are
not yet identified).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 1 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory (serology).
Number of susceptible animals in the outbreak: 1800 turkeys.
Number of cases: 1700.
Number of deaths: 1700.
Number of animals destroyed: 100.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or
inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- - stamping out;
- - quarantine;
- - disinfection of infected premises/establishment.
Note by the OIE Animal Health Department: highly pathogenic
avian influenza has never been reported in Turkey.
- --
OIE Animal Health Information Department
<information.dept@oie.int>
[There are a couple of important issues to note with this
official confirmation. Firstly, there is official OIE
notification from Romania as well. Secondly, spread to
Europe has been relatively rapid as the last official
reports placed the disease in the Urals. We will keep you
updated. - Mod.PC]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
200510062918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
200510072928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
200510082937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
200510082939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
200509302861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
200508242498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
200508252511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds
200509072657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds
200509092675]
...........pc/sh
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 11 Oct 2005 01:40:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH> Avian influenza - Asia (41): Indonesia, poultry
vaccines
X-ProMED-Id: 20051011.2956
Sender: owner-promed-ahead@promed.harvard.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: promedNOREPLY@promedmail.org
AVIAN INFLUENZA - ASIA (41): INDONESIA, POULTRY VACCINES
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of
Journal of Hospital Infection
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5wh7>
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Agence France-Presse via news.com.au, 10 Oct 2005
[edited]
<http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,16872496-401,00.html>
Corruption sparks bird flu vaccine test
- ---------------------------------------
Indonesia would run tests on its stock of bird flu vaccine
after a corruption scandal involving production of
sub-standard doses, an official said today [10 Oct 2005].
Government auditors suspect local companies assigned to make
the vaccine produced doses of inferior quality to inflate
profits, with the collusion of some ministry officials.
The disease has killed at least 3 Indonesians and 59 others
elsewhere in South East Asia since 2003.
The agriculture ministry's director for animal health,
Syamsul Bahri, said his office would test vaccine now in
stock or in circulation to determine whether it met minimum
specifications. "Our laboratory capacity is limited, so we
will gradually test samples and decide which vaccine can
continue to be used and which (will) have to be withdrawn
from circulation," Mr Bahri said. He could not immediately
estimate the number of samples involved or the time needed
for all of the necessary tests.
Ministry spokesman Suprahtomo said the suspected corruption
case was now in the hands of state prosecutors, and the
ministry would abide by whatever decision was made.
Yesterday [9 Oct 2005], agriculture minister April
Aprijantono said there were 9 suspected corruption cases
involving his ministry last year [2004] totaling 733 billion
rupiah (USD 96.2 million) in lost funds for the ministry,
including the bird flu case, which cost 56.9 billion rupiah
(USD 5.64 million). "This not only caused losses to the
state in material form, it also reduced the effectiveness of
vaccines or led to low vaccine protection levels,"
Aprijantono said. The minister said some testing conducted
in Java last year [2004] showed the vaccine's protection
level was only about 11.8 to 28 per cent.
Zainal Baharuddin, inspector general at the ministry, has
said local producers intentionally lowered the vaccine
quality to make more profits from the contract. He said
farmers across the country had also complained they had not
received compensation for culling flocks because officials
had embezzled the money.
Health officials have said that since the 1st human case of
bird flu infection was found in June 2005 in Indonesia, 85
people had been admitted to the hospital with suspected or
confirmed infections. The main hospital treating suspected
cases was due later today [10 Oct 2005] to discharge 6
children and one adult after tests showed they did not have
the virus, doctor Ilham Patu said. After they leave,
Sulianti Saroso hospital will have 8 patients under
observation for suspected bird flu. Dr Patu said no new
suspected cases had been admitted in the past 2 days.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[According to the last follow-up report of Indonesia to the
OIE, dated 2 Aug 2005, there had not been any outbreaks of
avian influenza with clinical signs in Tangerang district --
where fatal cases in humans were reported -- since April
2005. It will be interesting to note whether the current
reported suspicion, related to deficient poultry vaccines,
is based upon clinical observations. One might wonder
whether the suspicions are related to last week's
information (20051005.2905) on the Indonesian health
authorities' discovery of asymptomatic chickens which tested
positive for the H5N1 bird flu virus. One of the suggested
explanations to this finding was immunity of the tested
chickens to H5N1, conferred by an heterologous H5 virus
(vaccine strain?!). Further explanations will be welcomed. -
Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (36): Indonesia 20051005.2905
Avian influenza - Asia (33): Indonesia 20050924.2817
Avian influenza, poultry vaccines (02) 20050308.0689
Avian influenza, poultry vaccines: a review 20050307.0680]
.................arn/msp/sh
[1]
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Euro-reporters.com, 10 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://euro-reporters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=210&Itemid=1>
Romania/Turkish avian influenza
- -------------------------------
"In view of the positive results of the 1st laboratory tests
for the isolation of the avian influenza (AI) virus, the
European Commission will, by emergency procedure, ban all
imports of live birds and feathers from Turkey," said
European Commission health spokesperson Philip Tod. "Imports
from Turkey of all other poultry products, with the
exception of heat-treated meat, which [treatment] kills the
AI virus, are banned."
Tod refuted any suggestion that the EU is being more lenient
on acceding country Romania than candidate Turkey. "The
Commission takes its decisions on the basis of fact. In
Romania, there is a suspicion of avian influenza, but
nothing has yet been confirmed after 4 days of tests. The
situation in Turkey is different, as AI has been confirmed
even if we do not yet know which type," said Tod.
Turkish officials finally informed the European Commission
on 9 Oct 2005 of an outbreak of AI in an open-air turkey
farm in the Balikesir region of north western Anatolia. Some
1800 turkeys, 1700 of which died after the 1st clinical
signs, were registered positive on 1 Oct 2005. "All
remaining birds in the farm have been killed and all
carcasses destroyed. Disinfection has been applied. The
origin of the outbreak is unknown," said Tod.
Following Turkey, this weekend [8-9 Oct 2005], avian
influenza finally hit Romania, dealing a blow to the
country's poultry industry. At Ceamurlia-de-Jos in the
Danube Delta region, at a distance of 100 km from the border
with Bulgaria, some 40 ducks and one chicken have died.
"Further tests are required and are being carried out. As of
now, these tests have not confirmed the presence of avian
influenza in Romania," said Tod. "All other poultry on the
farm have already been killed and carcasses destroyed.
Samples have been taken from 3 ducks and 2 chickens."
[byline: David Ferguson]
******
[2]
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: Christian Griot <christian.griot@ivi.admin.ch>
Source: EU press release MEMO/05/362, 10 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/05/362&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
Information on suspicion of avian influenza in Romania and
Turkey
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
Romania
In the evening of Fri 7 Oct 2005, the Commission services
were informed of a suspicion of avian influenza (AI) in
Romania. The suspicion has arisen in a backyard flock with
53 chickens/hens and 47 ducks located in the municipality of
Ceamurlia-de-Jos in the Danube Delta region, at a distance
of about 100 km from the border with Bulgaria. In this
flock, 40 ducks and one chicken have died, while the other
poultry (mainly chickens/hens) had no clinical signs of
disease. All other poultry in the farm have already been
killed and carcasses destroyed. Samples have been taken from
3 ducks and 2 chickens.
The ducks' blood samples have resulted positive for
antibodies against AI virus, while the 2 chicken samples
were negative. These findings alone do not lead to the
confirmation of avian influenza virus infection (including
highly pathogenic AI virus H5N1, that is, the virus strain
circulating in Asia), in particular because the finding of
antibodies in ducks cannot be considered as a rare event and
could be due to prior infection with low pathogenic AI,
while the ducks' deaths could be due to diseases other than
AI.
Samples from the dead ducks are also being tested for the
detection of avian influenza virus (virus isolation test on
embryonated eggs: highly pathogenic AI should kill the
chicken embryos in 3-4 days) at the Romanian laboratory.
After 4 days, as of Sun 9 Oct 2005, this test has not given
any positive result so far; however, a "2nd passage" in eggs
is now being performed.
In relation to these findings, the Romanian authorities have
undertaken strong actions, including the stamping-out of all
poultry in the farm in which the ducks died and in several
other backyard/family type farms in the surrounding,
rigorous controls at the border of the "restricted zone"
established around the suspected farm, disinfection, etc.
Samples from some poultry and dead wild swans have been
taken on Saturday [8 Oct 2005] in the village concerned and
its surroundings and have been sent to the laboratory in
Bucharest for testing.
During the weekend [8-9 Oct 2005], the Romanian veterinary
authorities have remained in close contact with the European
Commission's services and asked for technical support and
laboratory reagents.
A community expert team made of Jorgen Westergaard, former
highly experienced Commission official (Deputy Head of Unit
in SANCO E2), Ruth Manvell, from the Community Reference
Laboratory for AI, Weybridge, UK, and Guus Koch, from the
National Reference Laboratory for AI in the Netherlands is
arriving in Bucharest today, 10 Oct 2005, bringing all
necessary laboratory reagents requested by Romania.
It is expected that, by Wed 12 Oct 2005, the ongoing
laboratory tests should confirm or exclude with a high
degree of certainty the occurrence of AI; further tests
indicating whether the virus is highly pathogenic or not and
for the final characterization of the virus type would take
2 days more.
The European Commission will review the situation once these
test results are received and will act immediately in
accordance with the results.
Turkey
On Sun 9 Oct 2005, the European Commission's services have
been informed of an outbreak of AI in an open-air turkey
farm with 1800 turkeys, 1700 of which died after the 1st
clinical signs were detected on 1 Oct 2005. All remaining
birds in the farm have been killed and all carcasses
destroyed. Disinfection has been applied.
The origin of the outbreak is unknown. The farm is located
in the Region of Balikesir, in the north western part of
Anatolia.
Laboratory tests (HI, ELISA and virus isolation on
embryonated eggs) have resulted positive for the avian
influenza virus, but the exact strain is not yet known, nor
is it known whether the strain is of high or low pathogenic
avian influenza.
The European Commission's services and the Community
Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza have immediately
offered assistance and laboratory support to the Turkish
veterinary authorities. The Turkish authorities will
probably send appropriate samples to the CRL, Weybridge,
probably today, 10 Oct 2005. Final virus characterization
will be available within 24/48 hours from arrival of samples
in the laboratory.
In view of the positive results of the 1st laboratory tests
for the isolation of avian influenza virus, the European
Commission will today [10 Oct 2005] adopt a decision by
emergency procedure to ban all imports of live birds and
feathers from Turkey. Imports from Turkey of all other
poultry products, with the exception of heat-treated meat,
which treatment kills the AI virus, are already banned.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The EU statement is a timely update of the disease
situation in Romania and Turkey. Generally, the facts are in
line with the summary included in posting 20051010.2950,
based upon the information collected from newswires
published since Sat 8 Oct 2005.
Both Romania and Turkey have applied severe control measures
in relation to the animal health situation; the Romanians,
however, have reportedly decided to vaccinate thousands of
people within the affected region. This is an exceptional
precautionary step which needs explanation. If the news is
correct, the background might be sought in their decision to
follow the Dutch experience during the H7N7 outbreak there
in 2003. The Dutch vaccinated with the then current (human)
influenza vaccine (and applied prophylactic treatment with
neuraminidase inhibitors to) all people exposed to infected
poultry; they did not vaccinate poultry. Their reasoning was
the wish to prevent possible mixed infections of humans by
human and avian influenza viruses, which might lead to virus
reassortment; see 20030501.1092.
A better view of the current situation and conclusions that
will help further decisions, will, hopefully, become
available after the visit of the EU mission to Romania and
upon the completion of the OIE expert's mission to assess
the avian influenza situation of wildlife in Russia,
expected shortly (see 20051005.2906). Thus far, the role of
migratory birds in the spread of H5N1 is a matter of debate.
- - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Asia (37): Russia
20051005.2906
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
20050825.2511
2003
- ---
Avian influenza, human - Netherlands (13) 20030501.1092]
...................arn/msp/sh
Date: 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE Disease Information Alert Messages [edited]
<http://www.oie.int/Messages/051010TUR.htm>
Avian influenza in Romania
- --------------------------
Information received on 7 Oct 2005 from Dr Gabriel Predoi,
director general, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food
Safety Authority, Bucharest:
Report date: 7 Oct 2005.
An outbreak of avian influenza was reported in a farm in
Ceamurlia-de-Jos, Tulcea County, in the eastern part of the
country.
Reason for immediate notification: reoccurrence of a listed
disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment
following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended
(depending on the virus pathogenicity that will be
identified).
Precise identification of agent: information not yet
available.
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 7 Oct 2005.
Date of start of the event: 4 Oct 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, postmortem and laboratory
(serology).
Number of susceptible animals in the outbreak: 100 birds (58
laying hens and 42 ducks).
Number of cases: 36.
Number of deaths: 36.
Number of animals destroyed: 64.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild
birds.
Control measures:
A. Undertaken:
- - stamping out;
- - quarantine;
- - movement control inside the country;
- - screening;
- - disinfection of infected premises/establishment;
- - dipping/spraying.
B. To be undertaken: control of wildlife reservoirs.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Note by the OIE Animal Health Department: the last reported
outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Romania was
in 1942.
OIE Animal Health Information Department
<information.dept@oie.int>
Further details will be published in the next issue of
weekly Disease Information, available online from Fri 14 Oct
2005 afternoon (GMT).
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[There are a couple of important issues to note with this
official confirmation. 1st, there is official OIE
notification from Turkey as well. Secondly, spread to Europe
has been relatively rapid, as the last official reports
placed the disease in the Urals. We will keep you updated.
Finally, this report contains no information confirming the
virus type as H5 or as H5N1, and one report below (Avian
influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp 20051010.2950)
suggests it may not be H5N1. - Mod.PC]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe (13): Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
20050825.2511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds
20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds
20050909.2675]
................pc/msp/sh
Date: 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE Disease Information Alert Messages
<http://www.oie.int/Messages/051010TUR.htm>
Avian influenza in Turkey
- -------------------------
Information received on 9 October 2005 (dated 8 October
2005) from Dr Nihat Pakdil, general director of Protection
and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Ankara:
An outbreak of avian influenza was reported in a farm in
Kýzýksa, Manyas, Balikesir, in the western part of the
country.
Reason for immediate notification: first occurrence of a
listed disease or infection in a country (depending on the
virus pathogenicity that will be identified).
Precise identification of agent: influenza virus type A,
subtype H5 (the pathogenicity index and neuraminidase are
not yet identified).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 1 October 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory (serology).
Number of susceptible animals in the outbreak: 1800 turkeys.
Number of cases: 1700.
Number of deaths: 1700.
Number of animals destroyed: 100.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or
inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- - stamping out;
- - quarantine;
- - disinfection of infected premises/establishment.
Note by the OIE Animal Health Department: highly pathogenic
avian influenza has never been reported in Turkey.
- --
OIE Animal Health Information Department
<information.dept@oie.int>
[There are a couple of important issues to note with this
official confirmation. Firstly, there is official OIE
notification from Romania as well. Secondly, spread to
Europe has been relatively rapid as the last official
reports placed the disease in the Urals. We will keep you
updated. - Mod.PC]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
200510062918
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
200510072928
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
200510082937
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
200510082939
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
200509302861
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
200508242498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
200508252511
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds
200509072657
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds
200509092675]
...........pc/sh
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 11 Oct 2005 01:40:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH> Avian influenza - Asia (41): Indonesia, poultry
vaccines
X-ProMED-Id: 20051011.2956
Sender: owner-promed-ahead@promed.harvard.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: promedNOREPLY@promedmail.org
AVIAN INFLUENZA - ASIA (41): INDONESIA, POULTRY VACCINES
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Sponsored in part by Elsevier, publisher of
Journal of Hospital Infection
<http://thelancet.url123.com/a5wh7>
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Agence France-Presse via news.com.au, 10 Oct 2005
[edited]
<http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,16872496-401,00.html>
Corruption sparks bird flu vaccine test
- ---------------------------------------
Indonesia would run tests on its stock of bird flu vaccine
after a corruption scandal involving production of
sub-standard doses, an official said today [10 Oct 2005].
Government auditors suspect local companies assigned to make
the vaccine produced doses of inferior quality to inflate
profits, with the collusion of some ministry officials.
The disease has killed at least 3 Indonesians and 59 others
elsewhere in South East Asia since 2003.
The agriculture ministry's director for animal health,
Syamsul Bahri, said his office would test vaccine now in
stock or in circulation to determine whether it met minimum
specifications. "Our laboratory capacity is limited, so we
will gradually test samples and decide which vaccine can
continue to be used and which (will) have to be withdrawn
from circulation," Mr Bahri said. He could not immediately
estimate the number of samples involved or the time needed
for all of the necessary tests.
Ministry spokesman Suprahtomo said the suspected corruption
case was now in the hands of state prosecutors, and the
ministry would abide by whatever decision was made.
Yesterday [9 Oct 2005], agriculture minister April
Aprijantono said there were 9 suspected corruption cases
involving his ministry last year [2004] totaling 733 billion
rupiah (USD 96.2 million) in lost funds for the ministry,
including the bird flu case, which cost 56.9 billion rupiah
(USD 5.64 million). "This not only caused losses to the
state in material form, it also reduced the effectiveness of
vaccines or led to low vaccine protection levels,"
Aprijantono said. The minister said some testing conducted
in Java last year [2004] showed the vaccine's protection
level was only about 11.8 to 28 per cent.
Zainal Baharuddin, inspector general at the ministry, has
said local producers intentionally lowered the vaccine
quality to make more profits from the contract. He said
farmers across the country had also complained they had not
received compensation for culling flocks because officials
had embezzled the money.
Health officials have said that since the 1st human case of
bird flu infection was found in June 2005 in Indonesia, 85
people had been admitted to the hospital with suspected or
confirmed infections. The main hospital treating suspected
cases was due later today [10 Oct 2005] to discharge 6
children and one adult after tests showed they did not have
the virus, doctor Ilham Patu said. After they leave,
Sulianti Saroso hospital will have 8 patients under
observation for suspected bird flu. Dr Patu said no new
suspected cases had been admitted in the past 2 days.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[According to the last follow-up report of Indonesia to the
OIE, dated 2 Aug 2005, there had not been any outbreaks of
avian influenza with clinical signs in Tangerang district --
where fatal cases in humans were reported -- since April
2005. It will be interesting to note whether the current
reported suspicion, related to deficient poultry vaccines,
is based upon clinical observations. One might wonder
whether the suspicions are related to last week's
information (20051005.2905) on the Indonesian health
authorities' discovery of asymptomatic chickens which tested
positive for the H5N1 bird flu virus. One of the suggested
explanations to this finding was immunity of the tested
chickens to H5N1, conferred by an heterologous H5 virus
(vaccine strain?!). Further explanations will be welcomed. -
Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Asia (36): Indonesia 20051005.2905
Avian influenza - Asia (33): Indonesia 20050924.2817
Avian influenza, poultry vaccines (02) 20050308.0689
Avian influenza, poultry vaccines: a review 20050307.0680]
.................arn/msp/sh
[1]
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Euro-reporters.com, 10 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://euro-reporters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=210&Itemid=1>
Romania/Turkish avian influenza
- -------------------------------
"In view of the positive results of the 1st laboratory tests
for the isolation of the avian influenza (AI) virus, the
European Commission will, by emergency procedure, ban all
imports of live birds and feathers from Turkey," said
European Commission health spokesperson Philip Tod. "Imports
from Turkey of all other poultry products, with the
exception of heat-treated meat, which [treatment] kills the
AI virus, are banned."
Tod refuted any suggestion that the EU is being more lenient
on acceding country Romania than candidate Turkey. "The
Commission takes its decisions on the basis of fact. In
Romania, there is a suspicion of avian influenza, but
nothing has yet been confirmed after 4 days of tests. The
situation in Turkey is different, as AI has been confirmed
even if we do not yet know which type," said Tod.
Turkish officials finally informed the European Commission
on 9 Oct 2005 of an outbreak of AI in an open-air turkey
farm in the Balikesir region of north western Anatolia. Some
1800 turkeys, 1700 of which died after the 1st clinical
signs, were registered positive on 1 Oct 2005. "All
remaining birds in the farm have been killed and all
carcasses destroyed. Disinfection has been applied. The
origin of the outbreak is unknown," said Tod.
Following Turkey, this weekend [8-9 Oct 2005], avian
influenza finally hit Romania, dealing a blow to the
country's poultry industry. At Ceamurlia-de-Jos in the
Danube Delta region, at a distance of 100 km from the border
with Bulgaria, some 40 ducks and one chicken have died.
"Further tests are required and are being carried out. As of
now, these tests have not confirmed the presence of avian
influenza in Romania," said Tod. "All other poultry on the
farm have already been killed and carcasses destroyed.
Samples have been taken from 3 ducks and 2 chickens."
[byline: David Ferguson]
******
[2]
Date: Mon 10 Oct 2005
From: Christian Griot <christian.griot@ivi.admin.ch>
Source: EU press release MEMO/05/362, 10 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/05/362&type=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
Information on suspicion of avian influenza in Romania and
Turkey
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
Romania
In the evening of Fri 7 Oct 2005, the Commission services
were informed of a suspicion of avian influenza (AI) in
Romania. The suspicion has arisen in a backyard flock with
53 chickens/hens and 47 ducks located in the municipality of
Ceamurlia-de-Jos in the Danube Delta region, at a distance
of about 100 km from the border with Bulgaria. In this
flock, 40 ducks and one chicken have died, while the other
poultry (mainly chickens/hens) had no clinical signs of
disease. All other poultry in the farm have already been
killed and carcasses destroyed. Samples have been taken from
3 ducks and 2 chickens.
The ducks' blood samples have resulted positive for
antibodies against AI virus, while the 2 chicken samples
were negative. These findings alone do not lead to the
confirmation of avian influenza virus infection (including
highly pathogenic AI virus H5N1, that is, the virus strain
circulating in Asia), in particular because the finding of
antibodies in ducks cannot be considered as a rare event and
could be due to prior infection with low pathogenic AI,
while the ducks' deaths could be due to diseases other than
AI.
Samples from the dead ducks are also being tested for the
detection of avian influenza virus (virus isolation test on
embryonated eggs: highly pathogenic AI should kill the
chicken embryos in 3-4 days) at the Romanian laboratory.
After 4 days, as of Sun 9 Oct 2005, this test has not given
any positive result so far; however, a "2nd passage" in eggs
is now being performed.
In relation to these findings, the Romanian authorities have
undertaken strong actions, including the stamping-out of all
poultry in the farm in which the ducks died and in several
other backyard/family type farms in the surrounding,
rigorous controls at the border of the "restricted zone"
established around the suspected farm, disinfection, etc.
Samples from some poultry and dead wild swans have been
taken on Saturday [8 Oct 2005] in the village concerned and
its surroundings and have been sent to the laboratory in
Bucharest for testing.
During the weekend [8-9 Oct 2005], the Romanian veterinary
authorities have remained in close contact with the European
Commission's services and asked for technical support and
laboratory reagents.
A community expert team made of Jorgen Westergaard, former
highly experienced Commission official (Deputy Head of Unit
in SANCO E2), Ruth Manvell, from the Community Reference
Laboratory for AI, Weybridge, UK, and Guus Koch, from the
National Reference Laboratory for AI in the Netherlands is
arriving in Bucharest today, 10 Oct 2005, bringing all
necessary laboratory reagents requested by Romania.
It is expected that, by Wed 12 Oct 2005, the ongoing
laboratory tests should confirm or exclude with a high
degree of certainty the occurrence of AI; further tests
indicating whether the virus is highly pathogenic or not and
for the final characterization of the virus type would take
2 days more.
The European Commission will review the situation once these
test results are received and will act immediately in
accordance with the results.
Turkey
On Sun 9 Oct 2005, the European Commission's services have
been informed of an outbreak of AI in an open-air turkey
farm with 1800 turkeys, 1700 of which died after the 1st
clinical signs were detected on 1 Oct 2005. All remaining
birds in the farm have been killed and all carcasses
destroyed. Disinfection has been applied.
The origin of the outbreak is unknown. The farm is located
in the Region of Balikesir, in the north western part of
Anatolia.
Laboratory tests (HI, ELISA and virus isolation on
embryonated eggs) have resulted positive for the avian
influenza virus, but the exact strain is not yet known, nor
is it known whether the strain is of high or low pathogenic
avian influenza.
The European Commission's services and the Community
Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza have immediately
offered assistance and laboratory support to the Turkish
veterinary authorities. The Turkish authorities will
probably send appropriate samples to the CRL, Weybridge,
probably today, 10 Oct 2005. Final virus characterization
will be available within 24/48 hours from arrival of samples
in the laboratory.
In view of the positive results of the 1st laboratory tests
for the isolation of avian influenza virus, the European
Commission will today [10 Oct 2005] adopt a decision by
emergency procedure to ban all imports of live birds and
feathers from Turkey. Imports from Turkey of all other
poultry products, with the exception of heat-treated meat,
which treatment kills the AI virus, are already banned.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The EU statement is a timely update of the disease
situation in Romania and Turkey. Generally, the facts are in
line with the summary included in posting 20051010.2950,
based upon the information collected from newswires
published since Sat 8 Oct 2005.
Both Romania and Turkey have applied severe control measures
in relation to the animal health situation; the Romanians,
however, have reportedly decided to vaccinate thousands of
people within the affected region. This is an exceptional
precautionary step which needs explanation. If the news is
correct, the background might be sought in their decision to
follow the Dutch experience during the H7N7 outbreak there
in 2003. The Dutch vaccinated with the then current (human)
influenza vaccine (and applied prophylactic treatment with
neuraminidase inhibitors to) all people exposed to infected
poultry; they did not vaccinate poultry. Their reasoning was
the wish to prevent possible mixed infections of humans by
human and avian influenza viruses, which might lead to virus
reassortment; see 20030501.1092.
A better view of the current situation and conclusions that
will help further decisions, will, hopefully, become
available after the visit of the EU mission to Romania and
upon the completion of the OIE expert's mission to assess
the avian influenza situation of wildlife in Russia,
expected shortly (see 20051005.2906). Thus far, the role of
migratory birds in the spread of H5N1 is a matter of debate.
- - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Asia (39): Turkey, turkeys, H5 conf.
20051009.2947
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (11): Turkey, turkeys, susp.
20051008.2937
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928
Avian influenza - Asia (38): Russia (Urals)
20051006.2918
Avian influenza - Asia (37): Russia
20051005.2906
Avian influenza - worldwide: preventive measures
20050930.2861
Avian influenza - Asia (25): migratory birds 20050909.2675
Avian influenza - Asia (23): migratory birds 20050907.2657
Avian influenza - Europe (04): EU, preventive measures
20050824.2498
Avian influenza - Europe (05): EU, preventive measures
20050825.2511
2003
- ---
Avian influenza, human - Netherlands (13) 20030501.1092]
...................arn/msp/sh
0 likes
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005 07:53:05 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Eurasia (04): Romania, conf
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EURASIA (04): ROMANIA, CONFIRMED
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct, 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Swissinfo, 13 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=105&sid=6158732>
EU confirms bird flu in Romania, bans imports
- ---------------------------------------------
The European Commission said on Thursday [13 Oct 2005] it
was banning the import of live birds and poultry from
Romania after its experts confirmed that a strain of avian
influenza had been detected in samples from a Romanian duck
and chicken.
"Given that it has been confirmed that the virus is present
in Romania, the Commission will now adopt the same measures
already taken for Turkey, last Monday [10 Oct 2005], that is
to say a ban on imports of live birds, poultry meat and
other poultry products," the Commission said in a statement.
The Commission said its experts had detected the H5 virus
strain in 2 samples taken in a suspected backyard farm in
the Danube delta. "Further tests are necessary to ascertain
if the virus in question is the H5N1 strain," it added.
The Standing Committee of the Food Chain and Animal Health
will hold an emergency meeting on Thursday to review the
situation, and by today a UK laboratory should also be able
to ascertain whether the virus isolated in Turkey earlier is
the H5N1 strain.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[It has taken a week of conflicting information before this
definite confirmation has become available. Romania has
notified the OIE on its initial suspicions in an alert
message, sent on 7 Oct 2005 (see
<http://oie.int/Messages/051010ROM.htm>). Similar
information, from other sources, has been received from
Christian Griot.
Final identification of the neuraminidase of the H5 strain
is urgently anticipated. - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Eurasia (03) 20051013.2981
Avian influenza - Eurasia (02) 20051012.2974
Avian influenza - Eurasia: Turkey, H5 confirmed; Romania,
suspected 20051011.2958
Avian influenza - Asia (40): Turkey, H5 (OIE)20051011.2955
Avian influenza - Europe (14): Romania, poultry,
20051010.2953
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928]
...............arn/sh
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005 09:12:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Eurasia (05): Turkey, H5N1
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EURASIA (05): TURKEY, H5N1
********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: EU press release IP/05/1277,13 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/05/1277&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
Avian influenza in Romania and Turkey: Commission takes
further action
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission is taking further action following the
confirmation last night of the presence of avian influenza
H5 virus in Romania and the results from the EU laboratory
this morning indicating that the avian influenza virus in
Turkey is H5N1 closely related to a virus detected in a wild
bird in central Asia a few months ago. The measures will be
discussed at an emergency meeting of the Standing Committee
on the Food Chain and Animal Health in Brussels this
afternoon.
The Commission is adopting today a decision to ban imports
of live birds, poultry meat, and other poultry products from
Romania following new tests by EU experts, which identified
the presence of avian influenza. Imports of live birds and
feathers from Turkey have been banned since Monday following
the finding of avian influenza there.
Further actions decided by EU Health and Consumer Protection
Commissioner Markos Kyprianou are:
a Commission framework decision on preventive measures and
increased biosecurity (hygiene), which will be presented at
today's Committee meeting. Member states will take
appropriate measures to reduce the risk of transmission of
avian influenza. This should include strengthening
biosecurity in poultry farms across the EU and in particular
in high risk areas.
an emergency meeting of experts on avian influenza and
migratory birds will be held tomorrow. The purpose of the
meeting is to evaluate the risk that migratory birds may
pose for the EU. The experts' group will then issue
recommendations on the potential risk for humans in contact
with such birds.
The offer of EU and member state experts to assist Romania,
Turkey, and other countries which are concerned about
suspected cases of avian influenza.
Commission and ECDC advice on precautions to be taken by
people travelling to Romania and Turkey and other countries
where avian influenza has been found.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In retrospect, the severe precautionary measures, taken by
Turkey and Romania since the initial suspicion of an H5
presence there was raised, seem justified. - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Eurasia (04): Romania, H5, conf
20051013.2988
Avian influenza - Eurasia (03) 20051013.2981
Avian influenza - Eurasia (02) 20051012.2974
Avian influenza - Eurasia: Turkey, H5 confirmed; Romania,
suspected 20051011.2958
Avian influenza - Asia (40): Turkey, H5 (OIE)
20051011.2955
Avian influenza - Europe (14): Romania, poultry,
20051010.2953
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928]
...............arn/sh
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Eurasia (04): Romania, conf
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EURASIA (04): ROMANIA, CONFIRMED
**************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct, 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Swissinfo, 13 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://www.swissinfo.org/sen/swissinfo.html?siteSect=105&sid=6158732>
EU confirms bird flu in Romania, bans imports
- ---------------------------------------------
The European Commission said on Thursday [13 Oct 2005] it
was banning the import of live birds and poultry from
Romania after its experts confirmed that a strain of avian
influenza had been detected in samples from a Romanian duck
and chicken.
"Given that it has been confirmed that the virus is present
in Romania, the Commission will now adopt the same measures
already taken for Turkey, last Monday [10 Oct 2005], that is
to say a ban on imports of live birds, poultry meat and
other poultry products," the Commission said in a statement.
The Commission said its experts had detected the H5 virus
strain in 2 samples taken in a suspected backyard farm in
the Danube delta. "Further tests are necessary to ascertain
if the virus in question is the H5N1 strain," it added.
The Standing Committee of the Food Chain and Animal Health
will hold an emergency meeting on Thursday to review the
situation, and by today a UK laboratory should also be able
to ascertain whether the virus isolated in Turkey earlier is
the H5N1 strain.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[It has taken a week of conflicting information before this
definite confirmation has become available. Romania has
notified the OIE on its initial suspicions in an alert
message, sent on 7 Oct 2005 (see
<http://oie.int/Messages/051010ROM.htm>). Similar
information, from other sources, has been received from
Christian Griot.
Final identification of the neuraminidase of the H5 strain
is urgently anticipated. - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Eurasia (03) 20051013.2981
Avian influenza - Eurasia (02) 20051012.2974
Avian influenza - Eurasia: Turkey, H5 confirmed; Romania,
suspected 20051011.2958
Avian influenza - Asia (40): Turkey, H5 (OIE)20051011.2955
Avian influenza - Europe (14): Romania, poultry,
20051010.2953
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928]
...............arn/sh
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005 09:12:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promed.isid.harvard.edu>
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza - Eurasia (05): Turkey, H5N1
AVIAN INFLUENZA - EURASIA (05): TURKEY, H5N1
********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: EU press release IP/05/1277,13 Oct 2005 [edited]
<http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/05/1277&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
Avian influenza in Romania and Turkey: Commission takes
further action
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Commission is taking further action following the
confirmation last night of the presence of avian influenza
H5 virus in Romania and the results from the EU laboratory
this morning indicating that the avian influenza virus in
Turkey is H5N1 closely related to a virus detected in a wild
bird in central Asia a few months ago. The measures will be
discussed at an emergency meeting of the Standing Committee
on the Food Chain and Animal Health in Brussels this
afternoon.
The Commission is adopting today a decision to ban imports
of live birds, poultry meat, and other poultry products from
Romania following new tests by EU experts, which identified
the presence of avian influenza. Imports of live birds and
feathers from Turkey have been banned since Monday following
the finding of avian influenza there.
Further actions decided by EU Health and Consumer Protection
Commissioner Markos Kyprianou are:
a Commission framework decision on preventive measures and
increased biosecurity (hygiene), which will be presented at
today's Committee meeting. Member states will take
appropriate measures to reduce the risk of transmission of
avian influenza. This should include strengthening
biosecurity in poultry farms across the EU and in particular
in high risk areas.
an emergency meeting of experts on avian influenza and
migratory birds will be held tomorrow. The purpose of the
meeting is to evaluate the risk that migratory birds may
pose for the EU. The experts' group will then issue
recommendations on the potential risk for humans in contact
with such birds.
The offer of EU and member state experts to assist Romania,
Turkey, and other countries which are concerned about
suspected cases of avian influenza.
Commission and ECDC advice on precautions to be taken by
people travelling to Romania and Turkey and other countries
where avian influenza has been found.
- --
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In retrospect, the severe precautionary measures, taken by
Turkey and Romania since the initial suspicion of an H5
presence there was raised, seem justified. - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Avian influenza - Eurasia (04): Romania, H5, conf
20051013.2988
Avian influenza - Eurasia (03) 20051013.2981
Avian influenza - Eurasia (02) 20051012.2974
Avian influenza - Eurasia: Turkey, H5 confirmed; Romania,
suspected 20051011.2958
Avian influenza - Asia (40): Turkey, H5 (OIE)
20051011.2955
Avian influenza - Europe (14): Romania, poultry,
20051010.2953
Avian influenza - Europe: Turkey, Romania, susp
20051010.2950
Avian influenza - Europe (12): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051008.2939
Avian influenza - Europe (10): Romania, ducks, susp.
20051007.2928]
...............arn/sh
0 likes
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